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韓國學(xué)者操碎了心:中國和美國 都不好得罪啊

2019-05-30 01:11:20

原標(biāo)題:韓國學(xué)者操碎了心:中國和美國,,都不好得罪啊,!

繼薩德之后,,韓國又一次成為“夾心餅”。怎么避免夾在中間落得兩邊都怨呢,,韓國學(xué)者向政府真誠諫言:“一定要說這得由企業(yè)自己決定”,。

據(jù)韓媒早前報(bào)道,隨著美國政府加大施壓力度,,要求韓國拒絕華為參與5G,韓方正處于左右為難的境地,。雖然韓國外交部以“不愿干預(yù)私營企業(yè)的商業(yè)決策”為由拒絕表態(tài),,但他們透露已經(jīng)就此事與美國展開磋商。

《韓國先驅(qū)報(bào)》日前刊登了首爾大學(xué)法學(xué)教授李在敏的評論文章,,文中不無憂慮地寫道“韓國正面臨著它最害怕的事情:果斷選擇立場”,,言語中透露著無奈。

韓國學(xué)者操碎了心:中國和美國 都不好得罪啊

It is one thing to worry about the G2 confrontation and its overall economic impact,。 It is quite another to be forced to choose sides openly and officially,。 Whatever choice is made will not satisfy both trading partners。 Worse yet,, it may displease both,。 

擔(dān)心中美對抗及其對整體經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響是一回事,被迫公開和正式地選擇立場又是一回事,。無論作出何種選擇,,都無法使兩個(gè)貿(mào)易伙伴都滿意。更糟糕的是,,還可能會(huì)讓雙方都不高興,。

▲ Korea caught in the middle again (via Korea Herald)

作者坦率地說,,這是一個(gè)似曾相似的時(shí)刻,,因?yàn)樵诓活欀袊磳?jiān)持部署薩德之后,,中韓關(guān)系陷入歷史冰點(diǎn),,韓國在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面受到的損失估計(jì)將達(dá)到15萬億韓元,并且這個(gè)數(shù)字還在不斷增加,。

就拿我們能看到的來說,,樂天瑪特徹底撤出中國市場,赴韓游客量大幅下滑,,至今各大旅游網(wǎng)站都沒有恢復(fù)相關(guān)產(chǎn)品的售賣,。

 截圖 via 攜程

截圖via攜程

截圖 via 飛豬

截圖via飛豬

但是那邊美國依然在步步緊逼,,要求韓國給個(gè)話,到底站哪邊,。

“The US message appears to be simple: We don’t want to rush,, but you better come up with your own answer to the Huawei issue,” said a government official,, requesting anonymity due to sensitivity of the issue,。 “Given that the THAAD crisis is still etched in our memory, it’s complicated,?!?/p>

一名(韓國)政府官員表示:“美國傳達(dá)的信息很簡單:我們不想倉促行事,但你們最好就華為問題給出自己的答案,?!庇捎趩栴}的敏感性,這名官員要求匿名,?!拌b于薩德危機(jī)仍讓我們銘刻在心,,這個(gè)問題太復(fù)雜?!?/p>

▲ South Korea fears collateral damage from US-Huawei fight (via Korea Herald)

《韓國先驅(qū)報(bào)》指出,上個(gè)月,,華為輪值董事長郭平在接受韓國記者采訪時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào),,華為從韓國供應(yīng)商那里購買了價(jià)值約12萬億韓元的智能手機(jī)組件。在今年一季度的業(yè)務(wù)報(bào)告中,,華為是三星的五大收入來源之一,。韓國芯片制造商SK海力士對市場的依賴程度甚至超過了三星,今年一季度,,其在中國的銷售額占到全球總銷售額的47%,,達(dá)到3.1萬億韓元。

 圖 via 新華

圖via新華

“What we are buying from Huawei is much smaller than what we’re selling to them,,” said an official from a local telecom company,。 “The real risk lies in semi-conductor companies and whether they would be subject to US sanctions on Huawei?!?/p>

當(dāng)?shù)匾患译娦殴镜囊晃还賳T說:“我們從華為購買的東西比我們賣給他們的要少得多,。”“真正的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在于半導(dǎo)體公司,,以及它們是否會(huì)受到美國對華為制裁的影響,。”

▲ South Korea fears collateral damage from US-Huawei fight (via Korea Herald)

由此看來,,韓國對中國市場的巨大依賴讓這次的“夾心餅”更難當(dāng)。

韓國學(xué)者操碎了心:中國和美國 都不好得罪啊

李教授也認(rèn)為,,這次比起薩德事件恐怕有過之而無不及,。

Yes, the situation is way different now -- but mostly for the worse,, as the mood is more confrontational and divisive than it was several years ago,。 The confrontation between the US and China has intensified to an unprecedented level。 It was not this contentious when the missile defense system was an issue several years back,。 Further thickening the plot is the fact that if Korea sides with either country and the other retaliates,, it is Korean IT companies that stand to feel the sting。 Any restrictions in the sector will hit Korea in a sore spot,。 

是的,,現(xiàn)在的情況大不相同,但主要是更糟了,,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的氣氛比幾年前更具對抗性和分裂性,。中美之間的對抗已加劇到前所未有的程度,。幾年前部署導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)的時(shí)候還沒有這么大的爭議性。雪上加霜的是,,不管韓國站在哪一邊,,另一方勢必會(huì)進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù),那么受苦的就是韓國IT公司了,。這一領(lǐng)域的任何限制都將給韓國帶來痛苦,。

▲ Korea caught in the middle again (via Korea Herald)

面對如此棘手的問題,確實(shí)怎么站隊(duì)都不好辦,。這位學(xué)者強(qiáng)調(diào)說,,韓國政府應(yīng)該意識到自己“不可能取悅所有人”,在這種情況下,,就十分有必要適度建立自己的原則,,并努力堅(jiān)守之,。具體到這次的事上,,要緊緊抓住這是“私企的私事”來周旋。

One way to handle this latest problem is to underscore the private nature of the transactions,。 The sales and purchasing decisions of IT companies and telecommunication service providers are their own。 There is little,, if anything, the government can do about private business affairs,。 Perhaps,, at most, it can engage in discussions,, or offer suggestions or recommendations,。 But the ultimate decisions fall outside the purview of the government。

處理最近這個(gè)問題的一種方法是強(qiáng)調(diào)該事的“私人”性質(zhì),。IT公司和電信服務(wù)供應(yīng)商買什么賣什么都是由他們自己決定的,。對于私人商業(yè)事務(wù),,政府幾乎插不了手,,最多能參與討論,或提出意見或建議,。但最終決定不在政府的職權(quán)范圍,。

To add a little bit more flavor and flesh to a principled approach, legal explanations may lend a helping hand,。 Government requests directed to private entities either to do or refrain from doing business with a particular entity may entail their own legal consequences,。 Just look no further than recent domestic legal proceedings -- powerful people who intervened in private decision-making processes have found themselves criminally implicated or charged,。 Direct intervention may also have implications for trade agreements and investment agreements。 So there are reasons here for the government to be cautious in taking action,。

為了讓這個(gè)“原則性”方法更有說服力,,還可以加上些法律解釋。政府要求私營企業(yè)與某一企業(yè)做或不做生意時(shí),,都要自己承擔(dān)可能產(chǎn)生的法律后果,。只需看看最近的國內(nèi)司法程序就可以了,那些干預(yù)私企決策過程的權(quán)勢人物發(fā)現(xiàn)自己都受到刑事牽連或指控,。直接干預(yù)也可能對貿(mào)易和投資協(xié)定產(chǎn)生影響,。因此,政府在采取行動(dòng)時(shí)必須要謹(jǐn)慎,,這都不是沒有理由的,。

▲ Korea caught in the middle again (via Korea Herald)

不過作者承認(rèn),貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的問題遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了法律能解釋的范疇,,但如果韓國被迫要站隊(duì),,給出一個(gè)理由總是能讓雙方好接受一點(diǎn)。因此,,不論怎樣,,“韓國政府都應(yīng)解釋說,,最終的決定將由企業(yè)做出”,,以便“盡量減少雙方的憤怒”。

韓國學(xué)者操碎了心:中國和美國 都不好得罪啊

文章結(jié)尾寫道:

A prolonged G2 confrontation is Korea’s worst nightmare,。 Unfortunately, this nightmare is becoming a reality,。

曠日持久的中美對抗是韓國最可怕的噩夢,。不幸的是,這場噩夢正在成為現(xiàn)實(shí),。

▲ Korea caught in the middle again (via Korea Herald)

你覺得韓國怎么才能擺脫這場噩夢呢,?

文:A君

責(zé)任編輯:孫啟浩 CN037