原標(biāo)題：西方造謠中國(guó)毀穆斯林墳?zāi)笴GTN記者實(shí)證回懟

1月3日,，CNN在“More than 100 Uygur graveyards demolished by Chinese authorities， satellite images show”（《衛(wèi)星圖像顯示,，中國(guó)當(dāng)局拆除100多座維吾爾族墓地》）一文中指出,，根據(jù)衛(wèi)星照片對(duì)比，在過去兩年中,，CNN記者發(fā)現(xiàn)有60多座維吾爾人的墓地被移除,。新疆和田市中心擁有一千多年歷史的蘇爾坦墓園（Sultanim Cemetery）在19年4月被夷為平地，現(xiàn)在似乎變成了停車場(chǎng)。

但事實(shí)果真如此嗎,？

在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)阿克蘇地區(qū)的亞克瑞克村,，村民薩迪爾·牙生接受了CGTN記者的采訪。

薩迪爾的爺爺在他十歲那年去世,，他的家人在當(dāng)?shù)赝翂灦焉舷略崃藸敔?。?jù)薩迪爾回憶，他當(dāng)時(shí)在爺爺?shù)膲烆^豎了樹枝,，他小時(shí)候跟著父母去祭拜過幾次,，但之后再也找不到爺爺?shù)膲災(zāi)沽恕?/p>

對(duì)于19歲的薩迪爾來說，爺爺?shù)膲災(zāi)挂呀?jīng)無法辨認(rèn),，這種情況在當(dāng)?shù)胤浅Ｆ毡?。這片墓地位于沙漠戈壁中，風(fēng)吹日曬,，黃土漫天,，當(dāng)季節(jié)性洪水來臨的時(shí)候，雨水很容易將墓地沖刷掉,，因此當(dāng)?shù)卮迕裢也坏郊胰说哪埂?/p>

如果村民們家里有人去世要埋葬,，需要請(qǐng)專人挖拱形的土墓，有的人要價(jià)高達(dá)3,，000元,，大約是這里村民平均年收入的五分之一。對(duì)于這里的大多數(shù)村民來說,，他們幾乎沒有選擇,，只能把親人埋在這個(gè)老舊的土墳堆上。

“I cannot find my grandfather‘s grave,，” said Sadir Yasin,， standing in the midst of an undulating graveyard riddled with crevices。 It’s been several years since Yasin and his parents stood across the street of the deserted slope to talk to their deceased loved one,。 “I was 10 years old when my grandfather passed away in 2010,。 Back then， I would come here with my family to visit my grandfather‘s grave,， but a couple of years later,， we could no longer find it，” Yasin told us,。

然而,，當(dāng)?shù)睾芏嗳诉€是比薩迪爾幸運(yùn)一些的。在隔壁的塔尕爾其村,，CGTN記者們遇到了在當(dāng)?shù)厍逭嫠鹿ぷ鞯囊连斈俊獔D爾遜·亞克普阿訇,。

圖爾遜的父母之前也埋葬在當(dāng)?shù)氐耐疗律希瑝灥刂車s草叢生，垃圾漫天,。每當(dāng)夏天來臨時(shí),，吐爾遜常常擔(dān)心父母的墳?zāi)闺S時(shí)可能會(huì)被沖掉，他怕未來有一天會(huì)找不到父母的墓地,，和父母說說話聊聊天,。

墓地問題在阿克蘇地區(qū)變得日益嚴(yán)峻。維吾爾穆斯林對(duì)于土葬有特定的習(xí)俗和流程,，也給了當(dāng)?shù)貧浽釓臉I(yè)者壟斷和操縱價(jià)格的機(jī)會(huì),。

He‘s not alone in the village of Yakruyk， in Uqturpan – a county under southern Xinjiang’s Aksu Prefecture and only 70 kilometers from China‘s border with Kyrgyzstan,。

Numerous grave mounds pile in heaps across the small slope,， exposed to the scathing sun， floodwaters,， and arid winds from the Taklamakan and overgrown ruderals,。 In addition， Uygurs,， especially those who were living in impoverished rural areas,， didn‘t have the custom of erecting tombstones。 Instead,， they would stick a small branch on top of a mound to mark it,。 Over time， these branches would go missing,， and they wouldn’t be able to locate the graves of their relatives,。

讓思念更長(zhǎng)久：維吾爾族的墳?zāi)棺冞w

在當(dāng)?shù)孛癖姷恼?qǐng)求下，當(dāng)?shù)孛裾謴?005年開始規(guī)劃建設(shè)生態(tài)公墓,，2016年已經(jīng)建成大部分,，其中大多數(shù)新公墓就坐落在老墓地旁邊，方便村民遷移,。而老墓地則改造為可耕種土地,，種上了當(dāng)?shù)靥禺a(chǎn)核桃，小麥以及防風(fēng)固沙的楊樹,，這些農(nóng)產(chǎn)品除了幫助貧困家庭增收以外,，還可以用于維護(hù)墓地環(huán)境。

圖爾遜把父母的墳?zāi)拱岬嚼夏沟嘏赃呅陆ǖ纳鷳B(tài)公墓以后,，一切都變得更方便了,。他現(xiàn)在每周都會(huì)來一次陪逝去的父母說說話，給花澆澆水,，打掃一下周圍的衛(wèi)生。

下圖為2015年亞克瑞克村的衛(wèi)星圖像，這里的土墳旁邊的土地在四年后變成了新的生態(tài)公墓,。

2019年底,，如下圖所示，阿克蘇地區(qū)已建成800多座公益生態(tài)公墓,。

亞克瑞克村的一位村村干部買合木提·努爾帶CGTN記者參觀了村里的一個(gè)新生態(tài)公墓,，這里有95個(gè)新墓穴，上面都豎有墓碑,，方便村民們?cè)谀贡瞎┓铛r花和水果,，紀(jì)念已故的親人。

“It‘s hard for villagers to find their departed families buried in this ground,， which has a history of over a century,，” said Mexmut Toxti， an official of Yakruyk Village,， adding that the area has become disorderly and unsightly after years of exposure to the harsh natural environment,， so that no one wants to put their departed family members here。

This rundown burial ground is one of the 2,，728 old cemeteries distributed throughout the prefecture of Aksu,。 A number of residents worried that they couldn‘t find their family’s graves and had complained to local officials seeking help to improve the environment of the grave sites。

An old cemetery in Uqturpan,， Aksu Prefecture,， northwest China‘s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， January 6,， 2020,。 /CGTN Photo

“We started planning environmentally-friendly cemeteries here in Uqturpan back in 2005， at the request of over 95 percent of local residents who have their families buried on such dilapidated slopes,，” Halmurat Ismail,， head of the county‘s civil affairs bureau， told us,。 It took a decade to finish building 99 eco-friendly cemeteries across 108 villages,， many of them perched next to the old graveyards for convenient relocation of the graves。 

An environmentally-friendly cemetery in Uqturpan,， Aksu Prefecture,， northwest China‘s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， January 6,， 2020,。 /CGTN Photo

Yasin has had more fortunate neighbors who had been able to identify the grave of their families and relocated them from such dirt mounds to new cemeteries with tombstones on them。

買合木提是示亞克瑞克村的村干部,，他向CGTN記者介紹道,，這片新生態(tài)公墓,，是農(nóng)民們自己幫忙建的，成本費(fèi)只有1,，000元,。

他把父母的墳?zāi)拱岬竭@里以后，一切都變得更方便了,。他現(xiàn)在每周都會(huì)來一次,，給花澆水，打掃衛(wèi)生,。

地方政府表示,，新墓地至少可以滿足未來20年村民喪葬的需求。

“Some of the families that didn‘t have money when a member passed away wouldn’t be able to spend up to 3,，000 yuan to hire someone to dig a grave,， but now farmers are able to accept paying 1，000 yuan to buy one in the new cemetery,，” observed Mexmut Nur,， who‘s in charge of the funeral industry in Yakruyk。

When asked what he thought of Western claims that “China has destroyed more than 100 Uygur Muslim graveyards,，” Halmurat responded： “What‘s wrong with moving the graves （of your families） to a new location that’s better,？ The parents of others can be buried in green fields （environmentally-friendly cemeteries）， so why should we have to bury ours in the desert,？”

Muslims in different places have different sacrificial rites and funerary inscriptions,， except for ground burials and the exclusion of women in the process。 “In Middle Eastern Islamic culture,， a grave can be used for any purpose after 30 years,，” said Zheng Liang， a research fellow on Xinjiang studies at Jinan University,。

There are currently 821 cemeteries in Aksu Prefecture,， the majority of which were built near old cemeteries， and can satisfy the demand for the next 20 years,。 On top of that,， the old， empty ones have not been destroyed,， but just turned into farmland for villagers to subsist on or to earn some money from,。 The graves that can‘t be identified are maintained so that their families can still visit them from afar。

歲月如梭,，韶光易逝,。重回首，去時(shí)年,，攬盡風(fēng)雨苦亦甜,。

把父母安葬在環(huán)境好的地方,，是村民們作為子女，能盡的最大孝心,。